trampling

תָּבוּס נֹפֶת (Mishlei 27:7), spurns the honeycomb, which he takes as כמו תבוז, as though it were the word for spurning; יָבוּס צָרֵֽינוּ (Tehillim 60:14), He will tread down our foes; and וְעַל־הָרַי אֲבוּסֶנּוּ (Yeshayahu 14:25), and on My mountains I will trample him. So too כְּפֶגֶר מוּבָֽס (Yeshayahu 14:19), like a despised carcass, which he reads as כמו מובז, as though it were the word for one despised. Another noun is כִּי יוֹם מְהוּמָה וּמְבוּסָה (Yeshayahu 22:5), for it is a day of tumult and treading down.

וּמֵֽאֱלֹהִים הָֽיְתָה תְּבוּסַת אֲחַזְיָהוּ לָבוֹא אֶל־יוֹרָם (Divrei HaYamim II 22:7), and from Hashem was the treading down of Achazyahu, in coming to Yoram: He put it in his heart to go to Yoram, and in that going was his treading down, for Yehu did not deal with him as with a king but despised him and said to his servants גַּם־אֹתוֹ הַכֻּהוּ אֶל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָה (Melachim II 9:27), smite him too, in the chariot.

In the doubled form, בּֽוֹסְסוּ מִקְדָּשֶֽׁךָ (Yeshayahu 63:18), they have trodden down Your Mikdash, and בֹּֽסְסוּ אֶת־חֶלְקָתִי (Yirmiyahu 12:10), they have trodden my portion. These may be כמו בזזו, as though the word were the one for plundering, or they are of treading and befouling, and that, he says, is the right one.

בּוֹסִים בְּטִיט חוּצוֹת (Zecharyah 10:5) is an adjective of the light form, on the pattern of טוֹבִים, good, and בּוֹשִׁים, ashamed, and means befouled and trodden in the mire of the streets: the nations, who were as mighty men, will be trodden in the mire of the streets. Or בוסים is an adjective that takes an object, and the sense is that Israel will be as mighty men though they are weak, as it says after, וְהָיוּ כְגִבּוֹר אֶפְרַיִם (Zecharyah 10:7), and Ephraim shall be as a mighty man: they will be treading and trampling their enemies in the mire of the streets in war, since Hashem is with them, and the nations, who are the riders of horses, will be put to shame.

The reflexive is מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת בְּדָמָיִךְ (Yechezkel 16:6), befouled in your blood. His father writes that יַעַן בּֽוֹשַׁסְכֶם עַל־דָּל (Amos 5:11), because you tread upon the poor, is of this root and this sense, with the shin interchanging with the samech, as וּבוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִֽים (Amos 7:14) stands for בולש, one who searches out sycamore figs, the Targum of וַיְחַפֵּשׂ, and he searched, being וּבְלַשׁ; and בּוֹשַׁסְכֶם would be of the four-letter form, on the pattern of כּוֹנַנְכֶם, your establishing.

אֲשֶׁר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּהּ (Devarim 1:36), which he trod upon, דָּרַךְ כּוֹכָב מִֽיַּֽעֲקֹב (Bamidbar 24:17), a star has trodden forth from Yaakov, and אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶם (Yehoshua 1:3), that the sole of your foot shall tread. The added form is intransitive in לֹֽא־הִדְרִיכֻוהוּ בְנֵי־שָׁחַץ (Iyov 28:8), that is, the proud beasts have not trodden in it, and in וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנְּעָלִֽים (Yeshayahu 11:15), and one will tread in sandals. It is transitive in יַדְרֵךְ עֲנָוִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט (Tehillim 25:9), He makes the humble tread in judgment, and הַדְרִיכֵנִי בַֽאֲמִתֶּךָ (Tehillim 25:5), make me tread in Your truth; and מְנוּחָה הִדְרִיכֻהוּ (Shoftim 20:43) is ממנוחה הדריכוהו, from rest they made him tread, and so Targum Yonasan renders it, מִבֵּית נְיַחֲהוֹן טְרָדוּנוּן, from the house of their rest they drove them. וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנְּעָלִֽים may also be transitive, to make others tread in sandals. With an added mem, מִדְרַךְ כַּף־רָגֶל (Devarim 2:5), the treading of the sole of a foot; and in this sense תִּדְרְכִי נַפְשִׁי עֹֽז (Shoftim 5:21), tread, my soul, in strength, which lacks the beis of service and means you shall trample the enemies in strength.

דֶּרֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ נֵלֵךְ (Bamidbar 20:17), we will go by the king's way, and זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ לְכוּ בוֹ (Yeshayahu 30:21), this is the way, walk in it. לַעֲשׂוֹת דַּרְכּֽוֹ (Shoftim 17:8), to make his way, is to make his way on from them and to stay there. In פֶּן־יֶאֱנַף וְתֹאבְדוּ דֶרֶךְ (Tehillim 2:12), lest He be angry and you perish, the word דרך means that you will perish on account of the way, that is, because your way is one that perishes, as it says וְדֶרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים תֹּאבֵֽד (Tehillim 1:6), and the way of the wicked shall perish. In the same manner נֹבֶלֶת עָלֶהָ (Yeshayahu 1:30), withering of leaf, is one whose leaves wither.

אָֽנֹכִי הֹלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ כָּל־הָאָרֶץ (Melachim I 2:2), I am going in the way of all the earth, is according to custom; in כִּֽי־הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ (Bereishis 6:12), for all flesh had corrupted its way on the earth, the way is its custom; and כִּי־דֶרֶךְ נָשִׁים לִי (Bereishis 31:35), for the way of women is upon me, is the custom of women, which is niddah, and so אֹרַח כַּנָּשִֽׁים (Bereishis 18:11), the way of women. וּמַטֵּהוּ יִשָּֽׂא־עָלֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם (Yeshayahu 10:24), and he will lift his staff over you in the way of Mitzrayim, is after the custom of Mitzrayim, as the Egyptians used to strike you. So too וּנְשָׂאוֹ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם (Yeshayahu 10:26) is after His custom, what He did in Mitzrayim, and the great hand He showed against them. וּנְשָׂאוֹ may mean He will lift him off you and make an end of him; or it may be said of the staff, that He will raise His staff over him as He did in Mitzrayim, and so ומטהו על הים, and His staff over the sea, is that He will rouse His staff over him as He roused it over the sea when the Egyptians drowned.

וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵֽעֲשׂוֹת דְּרָכֶיךָ (Yeshayahu 58:13), and you honour it by not doing your ways; דְּרָכַי סִפַּרְתִּי וַֽתַּֽעֲנֵנִי (Tehillim 119:26), I told of my ways and You answered me; and וּדְרָכֶיךָ לַמְחוֹת מְלָכִֽין (Mishlei 31:3), nor your ways to what destroys kings. These are all one sense, since a man's desires, his dealings and whatever he exerts himself in are all called דֶּרֶךְ; and so are the mitzvos and the aveiros, as אֶת־הַדֶּרֶךְ יֵלְכוּ בָהּ (Shemos 18:20), the way they shall walk in, and דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִים (Tehillim 1:6), the way of the righteous. In דַּֽרְכֵי עַמִּי (Yirmiyahu 12:16), the ways of My people, the dalet is held by a ga'ya, and the Mesorah notes it as the only one with a ga'ya.

כְּדֹרֵךְ בְּגַֽת (Yeshayahu 63:2), as one treading in a winepress; אַתָּה תִדְרֹֽךְ־זַיִת וְלֹֽא־תָסוּךְ שֶׁמֶן (Michah 6:15), you shall tread olives and not anoint with oil, which Ben Asher reads with a cholam and Ben Naftali with a kamatz chatuf; and דֹֽרְכִים גִּתּוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת (Nechemiah 13:15), treading winepresses on Shabbos. כְּגֹרֶן עֵת הִדְרִיכָהּ (Yirmiyahu 51:33) is like a threshing floor at the time of its treading, and the sense of these is trampling and threshing. So too דָּרַכְתָּ בַיָּם סוּסֶיךָ (Chavakuk 3:15), You trod Your horses in the sea, means that as You trod them in the sea, so they trod in the mire of many waters; or else that You trod in the sea upon Your horses, which are the clouds.

In the sense of drawing and bending the bow, דָּרַךְ קַשְׁתּוֹ (Eichah 2:4), he drew his bow, and וְכָל־קַשְּׁתֹתָיו דְּרֻכוֹת (Yeshayahu 5:28), and all his bows are drawn. Since in drawing the bow the arrow is drawn as well, it is said of the arrow too: דָּרְכוּ חִצָּם דָּבָר מָֽר (Tehillim 64:4), they drew their arrow, a bitter word. The heavy form is וַֽיַּדְרְכוּ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם (Yirmiyahu 9:2), and they bend their tongue, which by rule would be וידריכו.

מִרְמָס, a thing trampled underfoot.

Written with a sin, the word is close to it in sense: כָּל־ רֹמֵשׂ בָּֽאֲדָמָה (Devarim 4:18), anything that goes on the ground, and הָֽרֹמֶשֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ (Bereishis 1:28), that goes upon the earth, with the noun רֶמֶשׂ. The sense is treading and going.

מִרְמָס, a thing trampled underfoot.

Written with a sin, the word is close to it in sense: כָּל־ רֹמֵשׂ בָּֽאֲדָמָה (Devarim 4:18), anything that goes on the ground, and הָֽרֹמֶשֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ (Bereishis 1:28), that goes upon the earth, with the noun רֶמֶשׂ. The sense is treading and going.