fear

אָיֹם וְנוֹרָא (Chavakuk 1:7), dreadful and fearsome, and אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָּלוֹת (Shir HaShirim 6:10), terrible as an army with banners.

וְהִנֵּה אֵימָה (Bereishis 15:12), and behold, a dread; in construct אֵימַת מֶלֶךְ (Mishlei 20:2), the dread of a king; in the plural of the feminine וְאֵימוֹת מָוֶת (Tehillim 55:5), the terrors of death. In אֵימָתָה וָפַחַד (Shemos 15:16), dread and fear, the mark of the feminine is doubled, as it is doubled in יְשׁוּעָתָה (Tehillim 3:3), salvation.

In the plural of the masculine: יַהֲלֹךְ עָלָיו אֵמִים (Iyov 20:25), terrors go over him; נָשָׂאתִי אֵמֶיךָ (Tehillim 88:16), I have borne your terrors. הָאֵמִים לְפָנִים (Devarim 2:10), the Eimim of old, are the giants, called so because dread and fear fall upon those who see them.

וּבָאֵימִים יִתְהֹלָלוּ (Yirmiyahu 50:38), and they go mad over the eimim, are the graven images. They are called eimim as a name of contempt, as idols are called עצבים, or else because those who pass by them are afraid of them. The sense of them all is fear and dread.

וְדָאַג לָֽנוּ (Shmuel I 9:5), and he will be anxious for us; עֲוֹנִי אַגִּיד אֶדְאַג מֵֽחַטָּאתִֽי (Tehillim 38:19), I declare my sin, I am anxious over my transgression; וְהָֽרָעָב אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם דֹּֽאֲגִים מִמֶּנּוּ (Yirmiyahu 42:16), and the famine that you are anxious about; אֲנִי דֹאֵג אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים (Yirmiyahu 38:19), I am anxious about the Yehudim; וְאֶת־מִי דָּאַגְתְּ וַתִּֽירְאִי (Yeshayahu 57:11), and of whom were you anxious and afraid.

וּבִשְׁנַת בַּצֹּרֶת לֹ֣א יִדְאָ֔ג (Yirmiyahu 17:8), and in a year of drought it will not be anxious, takes a kamatz with the zakef, and is said by way of borrowing.

וְאִם־לֹא מִדְּאָגָה (Yehoshua 22:24), and if it was not out of anxiety. The sense of them all is fear and sorrow over what is to come.

וְלֹא יָרֵא אֱלֹהִֽים (Devarim 25:18), and he did not fear Hashem; כִּֽי־ יָֽרְאוּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִים (Shemos 1:21), because the midwives feared Hashem; לֹא צָחַקְתִּי כִּי יָרֵאָה (Bereishis 18:15), I did not laugh, for she was afraid; סָמוּךְ לִבּוֹ לֹא יִירָא (Tehillim 112:8), his heart is steady, he will not fear; וָֽאִירָא כִּֽי־עֵירֹם אָנֹכִי וָאֵֽחָבֵֽא (Bereishis 3:10), and I was afraid because I was naked, and I hid; וַיִּֽירְאוּ מִגֶּשֶׁת אֵלָֽיו (Shemos 34:30), and they were afraid to come near him; וַיֹּאסֶף שָׁאוּל לֵרֹא מִפְּנֵי דָוִד (Shmuel I 18:29), and Shaul feared David still more.

לְמַעַן יְרָאתֶם (Yehoshua 4:24), so that you may fear, has a kamatz under the resh, and he notes that there is none like it. אַךְ יְראוּ (Shmuel I 12:24), only fear, ought by rule to be יִרְאוּ, but the alef is left at rest so that the word should not look like יִרְאוּ from רָאָה, to see. תִּֽרְאוּ חֲתַת וַתִּירָֽאוּ (Iyov 6:21), you fear a terror and are afraid, are both written with a yud and belong to this root and this sense.

The word of description is אַשְׁרֵי־ אִישׁ יָרֵא (Tehillim 112:1), happy is the man who fears; and in construct אַשְׁרֵי כָּל־ יְרֵא (Tehillim 128:1), happy is every one who fears, יִרְאֵי (Tehillim 22:24), those who fear, and אִשָּׁה יִֽרְאַת (Mishlei 31:30), a woman who fears.

The noun: יֹבִילוּ שַׁי לַמּוֹרָֽא (Tehillim 76:12), they bring a gift to the awe, that is, to the Beis HaMikdash, the place of awe; וְאֶת־ מֽוֹרָאוֹ לֹֽא־ תִֽירְאוּ וְלֹא תַֽעֲרִֽיצוּ (Yeshayahu 8:12), and do not fear what it fears nor be in dread of it; וּמוֹרַֽאֲכֶם וְחִתְּכֶם יִֽהְיֶה (Bereishis 9:2), and the fear of you and the dread of you shall be; מוֹרָה לָהֶם (Tehillim 9:21), set fear upon them, where the heh stands in place of an alef. Or יֹבִילוּ שַׁי לַמּוֹרָֽא may be a description of Hashem Himself, as וְהוּא מוֹרַֽאֲכֶם (Yeshayahu 8:13), and He is your fear.

The noun in another pattern is יִרְאָה: וְיִרְאָה לָהֶם (Yechezkel 1:18), and fear was about them; יִרְאַת י"י רֵאשִׁית דָּעַת (Mishlei 1:7), the fear of Hashem is the beginning of knowledge; וּבַֽעֲבוּר תִּהְיֶה יִרְאָתוֹ (Shemos 20:17), and so that His fear may be upon you.

נוֹרָא מְאֹד (Shoftim 13:6), very awesome; נוֹרָאוֹת בְּצֶדֶק תַּֽעֲנֵנוּ (Tehillim 65:6), with awesome things in righteousness You answer us; לְמַעַן תִּוָּרֵֽא (Tehillim 130:4), so that You may be feared.

His father explains the pasuk so: Hashem gave the beings above dominion to do His will on earth, but forgiveness is not with them, only with Him; and why, so that men should not say in their hearts, if we sin the angels will be appeased for us and will bear our sins. On his father's reading the pasuk comes to make known that forgiveness is not in them, so that men should fear Hashem, since forgiveness is with Him and with no other. The chacham Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra explained that if You did not forgive, sinners would not fear You and would do whatever their soul desires.

וּמֵעַם נוָֹרא (Yeshayahu 18:7), from a people feared, and מֵאֶרֶץ נֽוֹרָאָֽה (Yeshayahu 21:1), from a fearsome land, Rabbi Yonah explained as far off, the one and the other. Radak holds that they are not to be taken out of their own sense, even though the plain meaning of the pasuk speaks of a distant people and a distant land, since a man always fears those far from him, whose ways and whose might he does not know, more than those near him, whose ways and might he does know, and the distant ones seem in his eyes mightier and stronger.

כִּי יֵֽרְאֻנִי הָעָם (Shmuel II 14:15), for the people made me afraid, stands in the pattern of גֵּֽרְשׁוּנִי, they drove me out, and he glosses it הפחידוני, they frightened me. So אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ מְיָֽרְאִים אוֹתִֽי (Nechemiah 6:14), who were making me afraid; אִגְּרוֹת שָׁלַח טֽוֹבִיָּה לְיָֽרְאֵנִי (Nechemiah 6:19), Toviah sent letters to make me afraid; לְיָֽרְאָם וּלְבַֽהֲלָם (Divrei HaYamim II 32:18), to make them afraid and to terrify them.

וּפָחַד וְרָחַב לְבָבֵךְ (Yeshayahu 60:5), your heart shall fear and be enlarged; פָּחֲדוּ בְצִיּוֹן חַטָּאִים (Yeshayahu 33:14), sinners in Tzion are afraid; שָׁם פָּחֲדוּ פָחַד (Tehillim 14:5), there they feared a fear.

וּפָחֲדוּ (Hoshea 3:5), and they shall fear, said toward Hashem וְאֶל־טוּבוֹ, and toward His goodness: that is, they will fear Him and be in awe of Him, and stream to Him and to His good. In the same way, וּפָחֲדוּ וְרָגְזוּ עַל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה וְעַל כָּל־הַשָּׁלוֹם, and they shall fear and tremble over all the good and all the peace.

The noun: פָּחֲדוּ־פַחַד (Tehillim 53:6), they feared a fear, is, there was no fear like it. Its plural is קוֹל־פְּחָדִים בְּאָזְנָיו (Iyov 15:21), a sound of terrors in his ears, and with the feminine heh, וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ (Yirmiyahu 2:19), and My fear was not upon you.

וּפַחַד יִצְחָק הָיָה לִי (Bereishis 31:42), and the Fear of Yitzchak was with me, is: the One whom Yitzchak fears was with me; and so וַיִּשָּׁבַע יַעֲקֹב בְּפַחַד אָבִיו יִצְחָק (Bereishis 31:53), Yaakov swore by the Fear of his father Yitzchak, by the One whom Yitzchak fears. Radak says it is said of Yitzchak because Yitzchak feared Hashem and gave himself over in the matter of the Akeidah.

אַשְׁרֵי אָדָם מְפַחֵד תָּמִיד (Mishlei 28:14), happy is the man who is always afraid, and וַתְּפַחֵד תָּמִיד כָּל־הַיּוֹם מִפְּנֵי חֲמַת הַמֵּצִיק (Yeshayahu 51:13), and you are afraid all the day because of the fury of the oppressor, are in the heavy form; and the form that puts fear into another is וְרֹב עַצְמוֹתַי הִפְחִיד (Iyov 4:14), and it terrified the mass of my bones.

פַֽחֲדָיו יְשׂרָֽגוּ (Iyov 40:17) is another sense: his testicles are knit together. And the Targum of מְרוֹחַ אָשֶׁךְ (Vayikra 21:20), one crushed in the testicle, is מְרִיס פַּחְדִּין.